Bala
Say bala et importantin instrumento ed panag-ingas na saray managbangat a bertebrado, a say sankaunaan et say isda a walaan na bala. Say manunan kimey na satan et say pangiyalis na oksiheno manlapud kaliberliber ya ayaman paarap ed dala, tan say pangipaway na karbon dyoksido manlapud kaliberliber ya ayaman paarap ed kaliberliber. Sarayan dagem et uusaren na saray nikadkaduman selula ya ontutumbokan na minilyon ya angkekelag tan nikadkaduma iran balbaleg ya alveoli. Wala met so importantin kimey na saray bala.
Ebolusyon[dumaen | dumaen so pinanlapuan]
Saray bala et pinmaway ed saray species na dayat, saray sarcopterygians, manga 420 milyon taon lay apalabas, tan natan et wala la ra ed taloran nanduruman linya: saray coelacanth (anggapoy sakey a pukel da ya uusaren), saray dipneusta (saray sira ya uusaren da itan a pukel bilang kaaruman na panag-ingaey taklay), tan saray tetrapods (anggapoy sakey a pukel da)[2].
Istraktura[dumaen | dumaen so pinanlapuan]
Anatomiya[dumaen | dumaen so pinanlapuan]
Saray bala et walad pagew diad balang dapag na puso diad rib cage.[3] Sikaray conical so itsura ra, tan say toktok da et asingsinggeran, tan say base da et maawang tan konkabo. Say sampot na bala et ontatagey ed lamut na beklew, ya ontatagey ed bandad tagey na sternal ed unaan a gilig. Saray bala et manlalapud asingger ed gilig na eges diad rib cage ya anggad arap na pagew tan diad leksab manlapud leksab na trachea ya anggad diaphragm.[3]
Say kawigi a bala et mibibiang ed puso, tan walay indentasyon ed gilig to a tatawagen a cardiac notch na kawigi a bala pian naasikaso itan.[4] Say arapan tan paway a dapag na saray bala et akaarap ed saray gilig, a manggagaway angkekelag iran abel ed tapew da. Saray medial a tapew na saray bala et akaarap ed pegley na pagew, tan akaarap ed puso, baleg iran daluyon, tan carina a ditan so pangibunog na trachea ed duaran manunan bronchi. Say heart imprint et sakey ya indentasyon ya aporma ed tapew na saray bala no iner so panayaman da ed puso.
Saray reperensiya[dumaen | dumaen so pinanlapuan]
- ↑ a b Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, 20th ed. 1918.
- ↑ "Le poisson à poumons, une bête d’évolution". 2021/12/12. https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/visuel/2021/12/12/le-poisson-a-poumons-une-bete-d-evolution_6105769_1650684.html.
- ↑ a b Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Mitchell, Adam W.M. (2014). Gray's anatomy for students (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 167–174. ISBN 978-0-7020-5131-9.
- ↑ Betts, J. Gordon (2013). Anatomy & physiology. pp. 787–846. ISBN 978-1-938168-13-0. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
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Say Wikimedia Commons sakey ragay a kasaray ya medya ta mainaog so: Category:Lungs |